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The Alians are a Shi`a order similar to the Sufi Mevlevi, who live in
several regions of Bulgaria. They follow the mystical rituals of the
wandering dervishes. Their exact origin is not certain, since there are
hardly any historical records preserved from that time, but according to
the prevailing theory they settled in Bulgaria after the victory won in
1512 by the Ottoman sultan Selim I, a Sunni, over the first Safavid shah of
the Persians, Ismail I.
Alianism is a religious trend in unorthodox Islam, an esoteric form of
Sufism. Alians revere Ali ibn Abi Talib, son-in-law and first cousin of the
Muslim prophet Muhammad, whom they consider an emanation of God. That makes
them similar to the Shi`ites.
It is believed that Alians are descendants of a Sufi-dervish group of
priests, who came to the Balkans during the 15th century, in order to keep
up the morale of Ottoman soldiers and to help integrate the newly-conquered
peoples into the empire. Oth
