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Carbon () is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It
is a group 14, nonmetallic, tetravalent element, that presents several
allotropic forms of which the best known ones are graphite (the
thermodynamically stable form under normal conditions), diamond, and
amorphous carbon. There are three naturally-occurring isotopes: ^12C and
^13C are stable, and ^14C is radioactive, decaying by 0.158 MeV ?^-
emission with a half-life of about 5700 years. Carbon is one of the few
elements known to man since antiquity. The name "carbon" comes from Latin
language carbo, coal, and in some Romance languages, the word carbon can
refer both to the element and to coal.
It is the 4th most abundant element in the universe by mass after
hydrogen, helium and oxygen. It is ubiquitous in all known lifeforms, and
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