Angenor de Oliveira, known as Cartola (Portuguese for top hat), (October 11, 1908 ? November 30, 1980) was a Brazilian singer, composer and poet considered to be one of the most important figures in samba development. He got his nickname because he used a bowler hat while working as a construction worker so the cement would not dirty his hair. Biography Cartola was born in Rio de Janeiro, in a borough called Catete, but spent his childhood in the neighborhood of Laranjeiras. Due to financial difficulties, the numerous family transferred itself to the Mangueira hill, where a small favela was beginning to appear. In Mangueira, Cartola soon befriended Carlos Cachaça and other sambistas, getting started in the world of malandragem and samba. In 1928, they founded the Arengueiros Carnival Block, which would later transform in the traditional samba school Estação Primeira de Mangueira, o

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