In mathematics, an endomorphism is a morphism (or homomorphism) from a mathematical object to itself. For example, an endomorphism of a vector space V is a linear map ƒ: V → V and an endomorphism of a group G is a group homomorphism ƒ: G → G, etc. In general, we can talk about endomorphisms in any category. In the category of sets, endomorphisms are simply functions from a set S into itself. In any category, the composition of any two endomorphisms of X is again an endomorphism of X. It follows that the set of all endomorphisms of X forms a monoid, denoted End(X) (or EndC(X) to emphasize the category C). An invertible endomorphism of X is called an automorphism. The set of all automorphisms is a subgroup of End(X). In the followin

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