Iran, (,), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (, ), formerly known internationally as Persia, is a country in Central Eurasia. Located in the heart of the Persian Gulf, an important oil-producing area, Iran is bounded by the Gulf of Oman to its south-east and the Caspian Sea to its north. Shi'a Islam is the official religion of the state, while Persian is the official language retrieved 23 January 2008 The 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km², Iran has a population of over seventy million. Iran borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia to the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BCE.

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