John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer. A pioneer of chance music, electronic music and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde and, in the opinion of many, the most influential American composer of the 20th century.Pritchett, Grove: "He has had a greater impact on music in the 20th century than any other American composer." He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.Perloff, Junkerman, 1994, 93.Bernstein, Hatch, 2001, 43–45. Cage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4′33″, the three movements of which are performed without a single note being played. The content of 4′33″ is meant to be perceived as the sounds

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