For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad . For other uses, see Muhammad . calligraphy by the hand of Hattat Aziz Efendi.Muhittin Serin: Hattat Aziz Efendi, Istanbul (1988, 1999), ISBN 9-7576-6303-4, ]] [LINK: c.] 1595. Prophet Muhammad at the Ka'ba, The Life of the Prophet. Ottoman miniature. Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul (Inv. 1222/123b). Muhammad's face is veiled, a practice followed in Islamic art since the 16th century.Ali, Wijdan. "[LINK: http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/07Ali.pdf] From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th century Ottoman Art". In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art, eds. M. Kiel, N. Landman, and H. Theunissen. No. 7, 1–24. Utrecht, The Netherlands, August 23-28, 1999, p. 7

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