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Placebo effect is the term applied by medical science to the therapeutical
and healing effects of inert medicines and/or ritualistic or faith healing
practices. When referring to medicines, placebo is a preparation which is
pharmacologically inert but which may have a therapeutical effect based
solely on the power of suggestion. It may be administered in any of the
ways in which pharmaceutical products are administered.Leslie (1954),
p.855.
Sometimes known as non-specific effects or subject-expectancy effects, a
so-called placebo effect (or its counterpart, the nocebo effect), occurs
when a patient's symptoms are altered in some way (i.e., alleviated or
exacerbated) by an otherwise inert treatment, due to the individual
expecting or believing that it will work.
The placebo effect occurs when a patient takes an inert substance
(sometimes called a "sugar
