thumb|Richard Wagner in 1871 Wilhelm Richard Wagner (, ; 22 May 1813, Leipzig, Germany – 13 February 1883, Venice, Italy) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as they were later called). Unlike most other great opera composers, Wagner wrote both the scenario and libretto for his works.Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for contrapuntal texture, rich chromaticism, harmonies