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A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel
that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the
barrel walls. The raised areas of the rifling grooves are called "lands,"
which make contact with the projectile (for small arms usage, called a
bullet), imparting spin around an axis corresponding to the orientation of
the weapon. When the projectile leaves the barrel, the conservation of
angular momentum improves accuracy and range, in the same way that a
properly thrown American football or rugby ball behaves. The word "rifle"
originally referred to the grooving, and a rifle was called a "rifled gun."
Rifles are used in warfare, hunting and shooting sports.
Typically, a bullet is propelled by the contained deflagration of an
explosive compound (originally black powder, later cordite, and now
nitrocellulose), although other means such as compressed air are used in
air rifles, which are popular for vermin co
