Shah is a Persian term for a monarch (leader) that has been adopted in many other languages. Word history "Shah" was the title of Iranian monarchs, including the Achaemenid dynasty which unified Persia and created a vast intercontinental empire until it was overrun by Alexander the Great. The full title of the Achaemenid rulers was x??ya?iya x??ya?iy?n?m, "King of Kings", corresponding to Middle Persian ??h?n ??h, literally "kings' king", and Modern Persian sh?hansh?h (???????). In Greek this phrase was translated as "???????? ??? ???????? (basileus t?n basilé?n)", "king of kings", in rank rather equivalent to emperor. The Indian counterpart of shahanshah was rajadhiraja or kshetra-pati (more toward Padishah). Both were often shortened to their root, shah viz. basileus. From the related word kshathra "realm, province" also descends kshathrapavan,

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