The phrase or term "shut down", "shut-down" or "shutdown" can be used to mean "turning off" something, but most commonly used for machines or industrial plants such as computers, engines, nuclear reactors, petroleum refineries, fossil fuel power plants, and petrochemical plants. It also has a use in economics, for profit maximization. The verb forms, such as "to shut down", are always separate words, as otherwise would lead to absurd forms as "shutdowning". Note that the phrase "shut up" has quite different meanings. "SD" is a slang term for "shut down". Nuclear reactors In a nuclear reactor, shutdown refers to the state of the reactor when it is subcritical by at least a margin defined in the reactor's technical specifications. Further requirements for being shut down may include having the reactor control key be secured and having no fuel movements or control systems maintenanc

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