, Kamen Rider Stronger, Kamen Rider V3, Battle Fever J, Ultraman Jonias (appearing in an animated series), as well as the manga and anime icon Doraemon]] is a Japanese word that literally means "special effects." It is primarily used to refer to live-action Japanese film and television dramas that make use of special effects. The term "tokusatsu" is a contraction of the Japanese phrase , meaning "special photography". In production, the special effects director is given the title of , Japanese for "special techniques" or , which is Japanese for "special effects director", the title usually used by English language productions. Tokusatsu entertainment is often science fiction, fantasy, or horror, but movies and TV shows in other genres can sometimes be classified as tokusatsu as well. The most popular types of tokusatsu are kaiju monster movies (the Godzilla and Gamera film series), superhero TV serials (the Kamen Rider and Metal Heroes series), and mec